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Trust is the leading value-for-money brand for digital lifestyle accessories with over 300 products for smartphone, tablet, desktop pc, laptop, gaming, home and TV. After successful installation, Windows loads the client driver every time the device is attached and unloads the driver when the device is detached from the host computer. You can develop a custom client driver for a USB device by using the Windows Driver Frameworks (WDF) or the Windows Driver Model (WDM). Instead of communicating with the.

Everyone appreciates the freedom of working on a laptop—it’s easy to stay productive whether you’re at your desk, the coffee shop, or the conference room. But when it comes to ergonomics, a laptop isn’t the greatest choice since you can’t adjust the height of the keyboard and screen separately. As a result, people tend to hunch over when working on a laptop, which can lead to muscle strain and pain in the upper back, neck, shoulders, hands, wrists, and arms.

A great way to help improve the ergonomics of using a laptop is to use a height adjustable laptop stand. You’ll be able to raise and lower the height of your laptop to maintain better ergonomic posture while you use it. Most laptop stands are quite versatile: depending on the type you choose, you may be able to use it at your desk, on a coffee table, or in bed—and anywhere in between.

Below are ten reasons you should use a laptop stand:

1. If you use your laptop with an external monitor, raising the laptop to a similar height as your monitor will help prevent eyestrain and neck pain.
2. Using a height adjustable laptop stand to keep the laptop above your desk surface—or lap—will help keep it cooler. Your laptop’s performance can suffer if it gets too hot.
3. A laptop stand can be an affordable way to dip your toes into standing while working. An ergonomic laptop stand can help you position your laptop to a position that’s right for you whether you’re sitting or standing.
4. Many laptop stands are as lightweight and portable as the laptop itself, so you can move your laptop stand as you relocate from place to place.
5. If you don’t use an external keyboard, and type on your laptop, a laptop stand will help you position your laptop to be at a height that is somewhere between the ideal monitor height (center of the screen at eye level) and the ideal keyboard height (elbow height).
6. If your laptop tends to run on the warm side, you can get a laptop stand that has one or more fans built into the surface. Keeping air circulating on the bottom of your laptop will help keep it from getting too hot.
7. An ergonomic laptop stand can help you position the angle of your laptop so you can reduce screen glare, which can lead to eye strain and headaches.
8. Many laptop stands have advanced features that can be very handy, including extra USB ports and cable management, a small drawer, or even a slot to hold your smartphone.
9. Reduce clutter on your desk by placing your keyboard and mouse under the laptop stand when you’re not using them.
10. In addition to using a laptop stand for your laptop, you may also find it useful for holding books, tablets, or even sheet music.

Purpose

This section describes Universal Serial Bus (USB) support in the Windows operating system, so that you can develop USB device drivers that are interoperable with Windows.

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Where applicable

USB devices are peripherals, such as mouse devices and keyboards, that are connected to a computer through a single port. A USB client driver is the software installed on the computer that communicates with the hardware to make the device function. If the device belongs to a device class supported by Microsoft, Windows loads one of the Microsoft-provided USB drivers (in-box class drivers) for the device. Otherwise, a custom client driver must be provided by the hardware manufacturer or a third party vendor. The user installs the client driver for the device when the device is first detected by Windows. After successful installation, Windows loads the client driver every time the device is attached and unloads the driver when the device is detached from the host computer.

You can develop a custom client driver for a USB device by using the Windows Driver Frameworks (WDF) or the Windows Driver Model (WDM). Instead of communicating with the hardware directly, most client drivers send their requests to the Microsoft-provided USB driver stack that makes hardware abstraction layer (HAL) function calls to send the client driver's request to the hardware. The topics in this section describe the typical requests that a client driver can send and the device driver interfaces (DDIs) that the client driver must call to create those requests.

Developer audience

A client driver for a USB device is a WDF or WDM driver that communicates with the device through DDIs exposed by the USB driver stack. This section is intended for use by C/C++ programmers who are familiar with WDM. Before you use this section, you should understand basic driver development. For more information, see Getting Started with Windows Drivers. For WDF drivers, the client driver can use Kernel-Mode Driver Framework (KMDF) or User-Mode Driver Framework (UMDF) interfaces designed specifically to work with USB targets. For more information about the USB-specific interfaces, see WDF USB Reference and UMDF USB I/O Target Interfaces.

Development tools

The Windows Driver Kit (WDK) contains resources that are required for driver development, such as headers, libraries, tools, and samples.

USB programming reference

Gives specifications for I/O requests, support routines, structures, and interfaces used by USB client drivers. Those routines and related data structures are defined in the WDK headers.

Universal Serial Bus (USB) programming reference.

USB driver samples

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Use these samples to get started with USB client driver programming.

Related standards and specifications

You can download official USB specifications from the Universal Serial Bus Documents website. This website contains links to the Universal Serial Bus Revision 3.0 Specification and the Universal Serial Bus Revision 2.0 specification.